bGZo's Notes

Command line

9 min read

NOTE

It’s evergreen(常青) knowledge that will not be out of date any time soon.

— The Linux Command Handbook | zh-has

Linux Category

Refer to https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-command-manual.html

文件管理

cat

chattr

chgrp

chmod

chown

cksum

cmp

diff

diffstat

file

find

git

gitview

indent

cut

ln

less

locate

lsattr

mattrib

mc

mdel

mdir

mktemp

more

mmove

mread

mren

mtools

mtoolstest

mv

od

paste

patch

rcp

rm

slocate

split

tee

tmpwatch

touch

umask

which

cp

whereis

mcopy

mshowfat

rhmask

scp

awk

read

updatedb

文档编辑

col

colrm

comm

csplit

ed

egrep

ex

fgrep

fmt

fold

grep

ispell

jed

joe

join

look

mtype

pico

rgrep

sed

sort

spell

tr

expr

uniq

wc

let

文件传输

lprm

lpr

lpq

lpd

bye

ftp

uuto

uupick

uucp

uucico

tftp

ncftp

ftpshut

ftpwho

ftpcount

磁盘管理

cd

df

  • 获取磁盘的使用情况信息
  • -h 会将值以更为可读的方式显示

dirs

du

du
# 单独计算每个文件的大小
du -m
du -g
# 以兆字节（MB）或千兆字节（GB）为单位显示文件大小
du -h
# 显示更为可读的，适应大小的数值
du -a
# 输出文件夹中每一个文件的大小

按大小对目录进行排序, 获取前 10 个结果

du -h <directory> | sort -nr | head

edquota

eject

mcd

mdeltree

mdu

mkdir

mlabel

mmd

mrd

mzip

pwd (print work directory)

  • 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径

quota

mount

mmount

rmdir

rmt

stat

tree

umount

ls

quotacheck

quotaoff

lndir

repquota

quotaon

磁盘维护

badblocks

cfdisk

dd

e2fsck

ext2ed

fsck

fsck.minix

fsconf

fdformat

hdparm

mformat

mkbootdisk

mkdosfs

mke2fs

mkfs.ext2

mkfs.msdos

mkinitrd

mkisofs

mkswap

mpartition

swapon

sync

mbadblocks

mkfs.minix

fsck.ext2

fdisk

losetup

mkfs

sfdisk

swapoff

网络通讯

apachectl

arpwatch

dip

getty

mingetty

uux

telnet

uulog

uustat

ppp-off

netconfig

nc

httpd

ifconfig

minicom

mesg

dnsconf

wall

netstat

ping

pppstats

samba

setserial

talk

traceroute

tty

newaliases

uuname

netconf

write

statserial

efax

pppsetup

tcpdump

ytalk

cu

smbd

testparm

smbclient

shapecfg

系统管理

adduser

chfn

useradd

date

exit

finger

fwhios

sleep

suspend

groupdel

groupmod

halt

kill

last

lastb

login

logname

logout

ps (Process Status)

  • 进程状态，类似于 windows 的任务管理器

nice

procinfo

top

pstree

reboot

rlogin

rsh

sliplogin

screen

shutdown

rwho

sudo

gitps

swatch

tload

logrotate

uname

chsh

userconf

userdel

usermod

vlock

who

whoami

whois

newgrp

renice

su

skill

w

id

groupadd

free

系统设置

reset

clear

alias

dircolors

aumix

bind

chroot

clock

crontab

declare

depmod

dmesg

enable

eval

export

pwunconv

grpconv

rpm

insmod

kbdconfig

lilo

liloconfig

lsmod

minfo

set

modprobe

ntsysv

mouseconfig

passwd

pwconv

rdate

resize

rmmod

grpunconv

modinfo

time

setup

sndconfig

setenv

setconsole

timeconfig

ulimit

unset

chkconfig

apmd

hwclock

mkkickstart

fbset

unalias

SVGATextMode

gpasswd

备份压缩

ar

bunzip2

bzip2

bzip2recover

gunzip

unarj

compress

cpio

dump

uuencode

gzexe

gzip

lha

restore

tar

uudecode

unzip

zip

zipinfo

设备管理

setleds

loadkeys

rdev

dumpkeys

MAKEDEV

poweroff

其他

bc

tail

xargs

ip

nohup

killall

pkill

Linux 常用命令全拼

Refer to: https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/linux-command-full-fight.html

df

disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

du

Disk usage

rpm

即 RedHat Package Management，是 RedHat 的发明之一

rmdir

Remove Directory（删除目录）

rm

Remove（删除目录或文件）

cat

concatenate 连锁

  • cat file1file2>>file3 把文件 1 和文件 2 的内容联合起来放到 file3 中

insmod

install module,载入模块

  • ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

mkdir

Make Directory(创建目录)

touch

touch

man

Manual

su

Swith user(切换用户)

cd

Change directory

ls

List files

mkdir

Make directory

rmdir

Remove directory

mkfs

Make file system

fsck

File system check

uname

Unix name

lsmod

List modules

mv

Move file

rm

Remove file

cp

Copy file

ln

Link files

fg

Foreground

bg

Background

chown

Change owner

chgrp

Change group

chmod

Change mode

umount

Unmount

dd

本来应根据其功能描述 “Convert an copy” 命名为 “cc”，但 “cc” 已经被用以代表 “CComplier”，所以命名为 “dd”

tar

Tape archive （磁带档案）

ldd

List dynamic dependencies

insmod

Install module

rmmod

Remove module

lsmod

List module

  • 文件结尾的 “rc”（如.bashrc、.xinitrc 等）：Resource configuration
  • Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于 rcx.d 目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
  • .a（扩展名 a）：Archive，static library
  • .so（扩展名 so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
  • .o（扩展名 o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file

RPM

Red hat package manager

dpkg

Debian package manager

apt

Advanced package tool（Debian 或基于 Debian 的发行版中提供）

bin

Binaries (二进制文件)

/dev

Devices (设备)

/etc

Etcetera (等等)

/lib

LIBrary

/proc

Processes

/sbin

Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)

/tmp

Temporary (临时)

/usr

Unix Shared Resources

/var

Variable (变量)

FIFO

First In, First Out

GRUB

GRand Unified Bootloader

  • IFS= Internal Field Seperators

LILO

LInux LOader

MySQL

My 是最初作者女儿的名字，

SQL

Structured QueryLanguage

PHP

Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor

PS

Prompt String

Perl

“Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”

  • Python 得名于电视剧 Monty Python’s Flying Circus

Tcl

Tool Command Language

Tk

ToolKit

VT

Video Terminal

YaST

Yet Another Setup Tool

apache

“a patchy” server

apt

Advanced Packaging Tool

ar

archiver

as

assembler

awk

“Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母

bash

Bourne Again SHell

bc

Basic (Better) Calculator

bg

BackGround

biff

作者 HeidiStettner 在 U.C.Berkely 养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

cal

Calendar (日历)

cat

Catenate (链接)

cd

Change Directory

chgrp

Change Group

chmod

Change Mode

chown

Change Owner

chsh

Change Shell

cmp

compare

cobra

Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture

comm

common

cp

Copy

cpio

CoPy In and Out

cpp

C Pre Processor

cron

Chronos 希腊文时间

cups

Common Unix Printing System

cvs

Current Version System

daemon

Disk And Execution MONitor

dc

Desk Calculator

dd

Disk Dump (磁盘转储)

df

Disk Free

diff

Difference

dmesg

diagnostic message

du

Disk Usage

ed

editor

egrep

Extended GREP

elf

Extensible Linking Format

elm

ELectronic Mail

emacs

Editor MACroS

eval

EVALuate

ex

EXtended

exec

EXECute (执行)

fd

file descriptors

fg

ForeGround

fgrep

Fixed GREP

fmt

format

fsck

File System ChecK

fstab

FileSystem TABle

fvwm

F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk

GNU AWK

gpg

GNU Privacy Guard

groff

GNU troff

hal

Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe

Joe’s Own Editor

ksh

Korn SHell

lame

Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder

lex

LEXical analyser

lisp

LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses

ln

Link

lpr

Line PRint

ls

list

lsof

LiSt Open Files

m4

Macro processor Version 4

man

MANual pages

mawk

Mike Brennan’s AWK

mc

Midnight Commander

mkfs

MaKe FileSystem

mknod

Make Node

motd

Message of The Day

mozilla

MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab

Mount TABle

mv

Move

nano

Nano’s ANOther editor

nawk

New AWK

nl

Number of Lines

nm

names

nohup

No HangUP

nroff

New ROFF

od

Octal Dump

passwd

Passwd

pg

pager

pico

PIne’s message COmposition editor

pine

“Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”

ping

拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper

pirntcap

PRINTer CAPability

popd

POP Directory

pr

pre

printf

Print Formatted

pty

pseudo tty

pushd

PUSH Directory

rc

runcom = run command, rc 还是 plan9 的 shell

rev

REVerse

rm

ReMove

rn

Read News

roff

RunOFF

rpm

RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager

  • rsh, rlogin, rvim 中的

r

Remote

rxvt

ouR XVT

seamoneky

我

sed

Stream Editor

seq

SEQuence

shar

Shell ARchive

slrn

S-Lang rn

ssh

Secure Shell

ssl

Secure Sockets Layer

stty

Set TTY

su

Substitute User

svn

SubVersion

tar

Tape ARchive

tcsh

TENEX C shell

tee

T (T 形水管接口)

telnet

TEminaL over Network

termcap

terminal capability

terminfo

terminal information

tex

τέχνη的缩写，希腊文 art

tr

traslate

troff

Typesetter new ROFF

tsort

Topological SORT

tty

TeleTypewriter

twm

Tom’s Window Manager

tz

TimeZone

udev

Userspace DEV

ulimit

User’s LIMIT

umask

User’s MASK

uniq

UNIQue

i

VIsual = Very Inconvenient

vim

Vi IMproved

wall

write all

wc

Word Count

wine

WINE Is Not an Emulator

xargs

eXtended ARGuments

xdm

X Display Manager

xlfd

X Logical Font Description

xmms

X Multimedia System

xrdb

X Resources DataBase

xwd

X Window Dump

yacc

yet another compiler compiler

Fish

the Friendly Interactive SHell

su

Switch User

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

ECMA

European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

中文计划

man-pages-zh/manpages-zh: Chinese Manual Pages 中文计划

sudo apt install manpages-zh
man -M /usr/share/man/zh_CN (xxx)

References

33 items under this folder.