Powershell

Why

Because-I-Believe-PowerShell-Commands-Are-Way-Too-Long-And-Unnecessarily-Verbose-That-I-Definitely-Hate-To-Type-Any-Of-Them-For-The-Sake-Of-My-Finger-Health-And-Keyboard-Durability —— PowerShell 为什么使用的人很少？ - V2EX

How

Ps5 vs ps7

PS7 renamed powershell.exe to pwsh.exe via: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/whats-new/differences-from-windows-powershell?view=powershell-7.4

migrating via: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/whats-new/migrating-from-windows-powershell-51-to-powershell-7?view=powershell-7.4#using-powershell-7-side-by-side-with-windows-powershell-51

Get version

echo $PSVersionTable

output With echo alias of Write-Output (cmdlet)

Note

大部分 cmdlet 和函数都遵循 ” 动词 - 名词 ” 命名规则

echo Hello world!
echo 'Hello world!';

click run With bat file on windows

Powershell.exe -executionpolicy remotesigned -File  C:\Users\SE\Desktop\ps.ps1

via: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19335004

Base

Get-ExecutionPolicy -List
Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned
# Execution Policy 包含以下：
# - Restricted: 不会运行脚本。
# - RemoteSigned: 只会运行受信任的发行商下载的脚本。
# - AllSigned: 运行需要被信任发行商签名的脚本。
# - Unrestricted: 运行所有脚本
help about_Execution_Policies # 查看更多信息
# 当前 PowerShell 版本
$PSVersionTable
$host             # get-host | select version
# 查找命令
Get-Command about_* # 别名: gcm
Get-Command -Verb Add
Get-Alias ps
Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process
Get-Help ps | less # 别名: help
ps | Get-Member # 别名: gm
Show-Command Get-EventLog # GUI 填充参数
Update-Help # 管理员运行

# 正如你看到的，每一行开头是 # 都是注释
# 简单的 Hello World 实例
echo Hello world!
# echo 是 Write-Output (cmdlet) 的别名
# 大部分 cmdlet 和函数都遵循 "动词-名词" 命名规则。
# 每个命令都从新的一行开始或者是一个分号
echo 'This is the first line'; echo 'This is the second line'
# 声明一个变量如下：
$aString="Some string"
# 或者像这样：
$aNumber = 5 -as [double]
$aList = 1,2,3,4,5
$anEmptyList = @()
$aString = $aList -join '--' # 也包含 join 方法
$aHashtable = @{name1='val1'; name2='val2'}
# 使用变量：
echo $aString
echo "Interpolation: $aString"
echo "$aString has length of $($aString.Length)"
echo '$aString'
echo @"
This is a Here-String
$aString
"@
# 注意 ' (单引号) 不是变量的一部分
# 在这里字符串也可以是单引号
# 内置变量:
# 下面是一些有用的内置变量，比如：
echo "Booleans: $TRUE and $FALSE"
echo "Empty value: $NULL"
echo "Last program's return value: $?"
echo "Exit code of last run Windows-based program: $LastExitCode"
echo "The last token in the last line received by the session: $$"
echo "The first token: $^"
echo "Script's PID: $PID"
echo "Full path of current script directory: $PSScriptRoot"
echo 'Full path of current script: ' + $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
echo "FUll path of current directory: $Pwd"
echo "Bound arguments in a function, script or code block: $PSBoundParameters"
echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')."
# 更多的内置类型: `help about_Automatic_Variables`
# 内联其他文件 (点操作符)
. .\otherScriptName.ps1

控制流

# 下面是条件判断结构
if ($Age -is [string]) {
    echo 'But.. $Age cannot be a string!'
} elseif ($Age -lt 12 -and $Age -gt 0) {
    echo 'Child (Less than 12. Greater than 0)'
} else {
    echo 'Adult'
}
# Switch 语句比其他语言更强大
$val = "20"
switch($val) {
  { $_ -eq 42 }           { "The answer equals 42"; break }
  '20'                    { "Exactly 20"; break }
  { $_ -like 's*' }       { "Case insensitive"; break }
  { $_ -clike 's*'}       { "clike, ceq, cne for case sensitive"; break }
  { $_ -notmatch '^.*$'}  { "Regex matching. cnotmatch, cnotlike, ..."; break }
  { 'x' -contains 'x'}    { "FALSE! -contains is for lists!"; break }
  default                 { "Others" }
}
# 经典的 For 循环
for($i = 1; $i -le 10; $i++) {
  "Loop number $i"
}
# 或者可以更简洁
1..10 | % { "Loop number $_" }
# PowerShell 还提供其他循环方式
foreach ($var in 'val1','val2','val3') { echo $var }
# while () {}
# do {} while ()
# do {} until ()
# 异常处理
try {} catch {} finally {}
try {} catch [System.NullReferenceException] {
    echo $_.Exception | Format-List -Force
}
### Providers
# 列出当前目录下的文件和子目录
ls # 或者 `dir`
cd ~ # 回到主目录
Get-Alias ls # -> Get-ChildItem
# 这些 cmdlet 有更加通用的名称，因为它不仅仅只操作当前目录，这一点和其他脚本语言不同。
cd HKCU: # 跳转 HKEY_CURRENT_USER 注册表中的值
# 获取当前会话中的提供者
Get-PSProvider

Providers

# 列出当前目录下的文件和子目录
ls # 或者 `dir`
cd ~ # 回到主目录
Get-Alias ls # -> Get-ChildItem
# 这些 cmdlet 有更加通用的名称，因为它不仅仅只操作当前目录，这一点和其他脚本语言不同。
cd HKCU: # 跳转 HKEY_CURRENT_USER 注册表中的值
# 获取当前会话中的提供者
Get-PSProvider

管道

# Cmdlets 中的参数用来控制它们的行为：
Get-ChildItem -Filter *.txt -Name # 获取所有 txt 文件名。
# 需要输入足够多的参数来确保没有歧义。
ls -fi *.txt -n # -f 是不可以的因为 -Force 同样存在。
# 使用 `Get-Help Get-ChildItem -Full` 来查看全部参数。
# 之前 cmdlet 获取的结果输出可以作为一下个输入。
# `$_` 指代当前管道处理的对象。
ls | Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'c' } | Export-CSV export.txt
ls | ? { $_.Name -match 'c' } | ConvertTo-HTML | Out-File export.html
# 如果对管道的对象感到疑惑，使用 `Get-Member` 来查看该对象的可使用的方法和属性。
ls | Get-Member
Get-Date | gm
# ` 是行连续标识符，或者在每一行结尾添加一个 |
Get-Process | Sort-Object ID -Descending | Select-Object -First 10 Name,ID,VM `
    | Stop-Process -WhatIf
Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddHours(-2) | Format-List
# 使用 % 作为 ForEach-Object 的简称。
(a,b,c) | ForEach-Object `
    -Begin { "Starting"; $counter = 0 } `
    -Process { "Processing $_"; $counter++ } `
    -End { "Finishing: $counter" }
# Get-Process 返回包含三列的表
# 第三列是使用 2 位精度数值表示 VM 属性
# 计算出来的列也可以表示更多的信息:
# `@{name='lbl';expression={$_}`
ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{n='VM(MB)';e={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize

函数

### 函数
# [string] 注记是可选的。
function foo([string]$name) {
    echo "Hey $name, have a function"
}
# 调用你的函数
foo "Say my name"
# 函数可以包含命名参数、参数的注记和可解析的文档
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Setup a new website
.DESCRIPTION
Creates everything your new website needs for much win
.PARAMETER siteName
The name for the new website
.EXAMPLE
New-Website -Name FancySite -Po 5000
New-Website SiteWithDefaultPort
New-Website siteName 2000 # ERROR! Port argument could not be validated
('name1','name2') | New-Website -Verbose
#>
function New-Website() {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true, Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('name')]
        [string]$siteName,
        [ValidateSet(3000,5000,8000)]
        [int]$port = 3000
    )
    BEGIN { Write-Verbose 'Creating new website(s)' }
    PROCESS { echo "name: $siteName, port: $port" }
    END { Write-Verbose 'Website(s) created' }
}

都是 .NET

 
# PS 中的字符串事实上就是 .NET 的 System.String 类型
# 所有 .NET 方法和属性都可用
'string'.ToUpper().Replace('G', 'ggg')
# 或者更加 PowerShell 一点
'string'.ToUpper() -replace 'G', 'ggg'
# 不确定这样的话 .NET 方法如何调用
'string' | gm
# 调用静态 .NET 方法的语法：
[System.Reflection.Assembly]:LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
# 注意 .NET 方法调用必须使用括号，然而 PS 函数调用不能使用括号；
# 如果你调用 cmdlet/PS 函数使用了括号，就相当于传递了参数列表。
$writer = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($path, $true)
$writer.Write([Environment]:NewLine)
$writer.Dispose()

IO

### IO
# 从输入读入一个值
$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
echo "Hello, $Name!"
[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
# Test-Path, Split-Path, Join-Path, Resolve-Path
# Get-Content filename # 返回字符串数组 string[]
# Set-Content, Add-Content, Clear-Content
Get-Command ConvertTo-*,ConvertFrom-*

有用的东西

# 更新 PATH
$env:PATH = [System.Environment]:GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") +
    ";" + [System.Environment]:GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
# 找到 Python 的 PATH
$env:PATH.Split(";") | Where-Object { $_ -like "*python*"}
# 改变工作目录而不需要记住之前的路径
Push-Location c:\temp # 改变工作目录至 c:\temp
Pop-Location # 改变到之前的工作目录
# 别名: pushd 和 popd
# 在下载之后解除目录阻塞
Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Unblock-File
# Windows 资源管理器打开当前目录
ii .
# 按任意键退出
$host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey()
return
# 创建快捷方式
$WshShell = New-Object -comObject WScript.Shell
$Shortcut = $WshShell.CreateShortcut($link)
$Shortcut.TargetPath = $file
$Shortcut.WorkingDirectory = Split-Path $file
$Shortcut.Save()
# $Profile 是文件 `Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1` 完整路径
# 下面所有的代码都在 PS 会话开始的时候执行
if (-not (Test-Path $Profile)) {
    New-Item -Type file -Path $Profile -Force
    notepad $Profile
}

Other

回显

Set-PSDebug -Trace 1
# 0: Turn script tracing off.
# 1: Trace script lines as they run.
# 2: Trace script lines, variable assignments, function calls, and scripts.

via: debugging - PowerShell “echo on” - Stack Overflow

Output

write-host xxx
write(-output) xxx
# output 为管道输出, 可以进行管道搭配

via: windows - PowerShell difference between Write-Host and Write-Output? - Stack Overflow

去重

xxx | sort -Unique

ConvertTo-Html: 输出的内容转换为 HTML

out-file: 重定向输出到一个文件（file）或者到打印机

Get-Process/Start-Process/Stop-Process/Wait-Process: 操作进程

write-EventLog: 写入日志

Get-Alias/New-Alias/Set-Alias/Import-Alias: 别名

What

Encode Problem

Note

Low version(v5) used UTF-16LE, and only support UTF8(with BOM); via: About Character Encoding - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn

Higher version(v6) could solve this issue, they support utf8NoBOM, and can be changed using following command:

$PSDefaultParameterValues['Out-File:Encoding'] = 'utf8'
$PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'

Note

By the way, chcp 65001 not works, because it not change utf-16le by default.

Tip

So using the pwsh instead of powershell since

• What is the difference between [pwsh] and [Powershell Integrated Console] on VS Code? - Stack Overflow
• shell - How to force a Powershell Script to run a specific Version - Stack Overflow
• about Pwsh - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn

Tip

Another way is that using UTF-16LE or UTF-8 with BOM by default as well.

• php - cURL gets response with utf-8 BOM - Stack Overflow

Readline

  Import-Module posh-git
  Import-Module oh-my-posh
  Set-PoshPrompt powerline
  Import-Module PSReadLine
  Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource History
  # Set-PSReadLineOption -EditMode Emacs
  # Searching for commands with up/down arrow is really handy.  The
  # option "moves to end" is useful if you want the cursor at the end
  # of the line while cycling through history like it does w/o searching,
  # without that option, the cursor will remain at the position it was
  # when you used up arrow, which can be useful if you forget the exact
  # string you started the search on.
  Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySearchCursorMovesToEnd
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward
  # This key handler shows the entire or filtered history using Out-GridView. The
  # typed text is used as the substring pattern for filtering. A selected command
  # is inserted to the command line without invoking. Multiple command selection
  # is supported, e.g. selected by Ctrl + Click.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key F7 `
                           -BriefDescription History `
                           -LongDescription 'Show command history' `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      $pattern = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$pattern, [ref]$null)
      if ($pattern)
      {
          $pattern = [regex]:Escape($pattern)
      }
      $history = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@(
          $last = ''
          $lines = ''
          foreach ($line in [System.IO.File]:ReadLines((Get-PSReadLineOption).HistorySavePath))
          {
              if ($line.EndsWith('`'))
              {
                  $line = $line.Substring(0, $line.Length - 1)
                  $lines = if ($lines)
                  {
                      "$lines`n$line"
                  }
                  else
                  {
                      $line
                  }
                  continue
              }
              if ($lines)
              {
                  $line = "$lines`n$line"
                  $lines = ''
              }
              if (($line -cne $last) -and (!$pattern -or ($line -match $pattern)))
              {
                  $last = $line
                  $line
              }
          }
      )
      $history.Reverse()
      $command = $history | Out-GridView -Title History -PassThru
      if ($command)
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:RevertLine()
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert(($command -join "`n"))
      }
  }
  # This is an example of a macro that you might use to execute a command.
  # This will add the command to history.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+b `
                           -BriefDescription BuildCurrentDirectory `
                           -LongDescription "Build the current directory" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:RevertLine()
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("msbuild")
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:AcceptLine()
  }
  # In Emacs mode - Tab acts like in bash, but the Windows style completion
  # is still useful sometimes, so bind some keys so we can do both
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+q -Function TabCompleteNext
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+Q -Function TabCompletePrevious
  # Clipboard interaction is bound by default in Windows mode, but not Emacs mode.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+C -Function Copy
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+v -Function Paste
  # CaptureScreen is good for blog posts or email showing a transaction
  # of what you did when asking for help or demonstrating a technique.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Chord 'Ctrl+d,Ctrl+c' -Function CaptureScreen
  # The built-in word movement uses character delimiters, but token based word
  # movement is also very useful - these are the bindings you'd use if you
  # prefer the token based movements bound to the normal emacs word movement
  # key bindings.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+d -Function ShellKillWord
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+Backspace -Function ShellBackwardKillWord
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+b -Function ShellBackwardWord
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+f -Function ShellForwardWord
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+B -Function SelectShellBackwardWord
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+F -Function SelectShellForwardWord
  #region Smart Insert/Delete
  # The next four key handlers are designed to make entering matched quotes
  # parens, and braces a nicer experience.  I'd like to include functions
  # in the module that do this, but this implementation still isn't as smart
  # as ReSharper, so I'm just providing it as a sample.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key '"',"'" `
                           -BriefDescription SmartInsertQuote `
                           -LongDescription "Insert paired quotes if not already on a quote" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $quote = $key.KeyChar
      $selectionStart = $null
      $selectionLength = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetSelectionState([ref]$selectionStart, [ref]$selectionLength)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      # If text is selected, just quote it without any smarts
      if ($selectionStart -ne -1)
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace($selectionStart, $selectionLength, $quote + $line.SubString($selectionStart, $selectionLength) + $quote)
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($selectionStart + $selectionLength + 2)
          return
      }
      $ast = $null
      $tokens = $null
      $parseErrors = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$ast, [ref]$tokens, [ref]$parseErrors, [ref]$null)
      function FindToken
      {
          param($tokens, $cursor)
          foreach ($token in $tokens)
          {
              if ($cursor -lt $token.Extent.StartOffset) { continue }
              if ($cursor -lt $token.Extent.EndOffset) {
                  $result = $token
                  $token = $token -as [StringExpandableToken]
                  if ($token) {
                      $nested = FindToken $token.NestedTokens $cursor
                      if ($nested) { $result = $nested }
                  }
                  return $result
              }
          }
          return $null
      }
      $token = FindToken $tokens $cursor
      # If we're on or inside a **quoted** string token (so not generic), we need to be smarter
      if ($token -is [StringToken] -and $token.Kind -ne [TokenKind]:Generic) {
          # If we're at the start of the string, assume we're inserting a new string
          if ($token.Extent.StartOffset -eq $cursor) {
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("$quote$quote ")
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($cursor + 1)
              return
          }
          # If we're at the end of the string, move over the closing quote if present.
          if ($token.Extent.EndOffset -eq ($cursor + 1) -and $line[$cursor] -eq $quote) {
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($cursor + 1)
              return
          }
      }
      if ($null -eq $token -or
          $token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:RParen -or $token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:RCurly -or $token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:RBracket) {
          if ($line[0..$cursor].Where{$_ -eq $quote}.Count % 2 -eq 1) {
              # Odd number of quotes before the cursor, insert a single quote
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert($quote)
          }
          else {
              # Insert matching quotes, move cursor to be in between the quotes
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("$quote$quote")
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($cursor + 1)
          }
          return
      }
      # If cursor is at the start of a token, enclose it in quotes.
      if ($token.Extent.StartOffset -eq $cursor) {
          if ($token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:Generic -or $token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:Identifier -or
              $token.Kind -eq [TokenKind]:Variable -or $token.TokenFlags.hasFlag([TokenFlags]:Keyword)) {
              $end = $token.Extent.EndOffset
              $len = $end - $cursor
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace($cursor, $len, $quote + $line.SubString($cursor, $len) + $quote)
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($end + 2)
              return
          }
      }
      # We failed to be smart, so just insert a single quote
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert($quote)
  }
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key '(','{','[' `
                           -BriefDescription InsertPairedBraces `
                           -LongDescription "Insert matching braces" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $closeChar = switch ($key.KeyChar)
      {
          <#case#> '(' { [char]')'; break }
          <#case#> '{' { [char]'}'; break }
          <#case#> '[' { [char]']'; break }
      }
      $selectionStart = $null
      $selectionLength = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetSelectionState([ref]$selectionStart, [ref]$selectionLength)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      if ($selectionStart -ne -1)
      {
        # Text is selected, wrap it in brackets
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace($selectionStart, $selectionLength, $key.KeyChar + $line.SubString($selectionStart, $selectionLength) + $closeChar)
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($selectionStart + $selectionLength + 2)
      } else {
        # No text is selected, insert a pair
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("$($key.KeyChar)$closeChar")
        [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($cursor + 1)
      }
  }
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key ')',']','}' `
                           -BriefDescription SmartCloseBraces `
                           -LongDescription "Insert closing brace or skip" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      if ($line[$cursor] -eq $key.KeyChar)
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($cursor + 1)
      }
      else
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("$($key.KeyChar)")
      }
  }
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Backspace `
                           -BriefDescription SmartBackspace `
                           -LongDescription "Delete previous character or matching quotes/parens/braces" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      if ($cursor -gt 0)
      {
          $toMatch = $null
          if ($cursor -lt $line.Length)
          {
              switch ($line[$cursor])
              {
                  <#case#> '"' { $toMatch = '"'; break }
                  <#case#> "'" { $toMatch = "'"; break }
                  <#case#> ')' { $toMatch = '('; break }
                  <#case#> ']' { $toMatch = '['; break }
                  <#case#> '}' { $toMatch = '{'; break }
              }
          }
          if ($toMatch -ne $null -and $line[$cursor-1] -eq $toMatch)
          {
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Delete($cursor - 1, 2)
          }
          else
          {
              [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:BackwardDeleteChar($key, $arg)
          }
      }
  }
  #endregion Smart Insert/Delete
  # Sometimes you enter a command but realize you forgot to do something else first.
  # This binding will let you save that command in the history so you can recall it,
  # but it doesn't actually execute.  It also clears the line with RevertLine so the
  # undo stack is reset - though redo will still reconstruct the command line.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+w `
                           -BriefDescription SaveInHistory `
                           -LongDescription "Save current line in history but do not execute" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:AddToHistory($line)
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:RevertLine()
  }
  # Insert text from the clipboard as a here string
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+V `
                           -BriefDescription PasteAsHereString `
                           -LongDescription "Paste the clipboard text as a here string" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      Add-Type -Assembly PresentationCore
      if ([System.Windows.Clipboard]:ContainsText())
      {
          # Get clipboard text - remove trailing spaces, convert \r\n to \n, and remove the final \n.
          $text = ([System.Windows.Clipboard]:GetText() -replace "\p{Zs}*`r?`n","`n").TrimEnd()
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Insert("@'`n$text`n'@")
      }
      else
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Ding()
      }
  }
  # Sometimes you want to get a property of invoke a member on what you've entered so far
  # but you need parens to do that.  This binding will help by putting parens around the current selection,
  # or if nothing is selected, the whole line.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key 'Alt+(' `
                           -BriefDescription ParenthesizeSelection `
                           -LongDescription "Put parenthesis around the selection or entire line and move the cursor to after the closing parenthesis" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $selectionStart = $null
      $selectionLength = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetSelectionState([ref]$selectionStart, [ref]$selectionLength)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      if ($selectionStart -ne -1)
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace($selectionStart, $selectionLength, '(' + $line.SubString($selectionStart, $selectionLength) + ')')
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($selectionStart + $selectionLength + 2)
      }
      else
      {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace(0, $line.Length, '(' + $line + ')')
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:EndOfLine()
      }
  }
  # Each time you press Alt+', this key handler will change the token
  # under or before the cursor.  It will cycle through single quotes, double quotes, or
  # no quotes each time it is invoked.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key "Alt+'" `
                           -BriefDescription ToggleQuoteArgument `
                           -LongDescription "Toggle quotes on the argument under the cursor" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $ast = $null
      $tokens = $null
      $errors = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$ast, [ref]$tokens, [ref]$errors, [ref]$cursor)
      $tokenToChange = $null
      foreach ($token in $tokens)
      {
          $extent = $token.Extent
          if ($extent.StartOffset -le $cursor -and $extent.EndOffset -ge $cursor)
          {
              $tokenToChange = $token
              # If the cursor is at the end (it's really 1 past the end) of the previous token,
              # we only want to change the previous token if there is no token under the cursor
              if ($extent.EndOffset -eq $cursor -and $foreach.MoveNext())
              {
                  $nextToken = $foreach.Current
                  if ($nextToken.Extent.StartOffset -eq $cursor)
                  {
                      $tokenToChange = $nextToken
                  }
              }
              break
          }
      }
      if ($tokenToChange -ne $null)
      {
          $extent = $tokenToChange.Extent
          $tokenText = $extent.Text
          if ($tokenText[0] -eq '"' -and $tokenText[-1] -eq '"')
          {
              # Switch to no quotes
              $replacement = $tokenText.Substring(1, $tokenText.Length - 2)
          }
          elseif ($tokenText[0] -eq "'" -and $tokenText[-1] -eq "'")
          {
              # Switch to double quotes
              $replacement = '"' + $tokenText.Substring(1, $tokenText.Length - 2) + '"'
          }
          else
          {
              # Add single quotes
              $replacement = "'" + $tokenText + "'"
          }
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace(
              $extent.StartOffset,
              $tokenText.Length,
              $replacement)
      }
  }
  # This example will replace any aliases on the command line with the resolved commands.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key "Alt+%" `
                           -BriefDescription ExpandAliases `
                           -LongDescription "Replace all aliases with the full command" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $ast = $null
      $tokens = $null
      $errors = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$ast, [ref]$tokens, [ref]$errors, [ref]$cursor)
      $startAdjustment = 0
      foreach ($token in $tokens)
      {
          if ($token.TokenFlags -band [TokenFlags]:CommandName)
          {
              $alias = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand($token.Extent.Text, 'Alias')
              if ($alias -ne $null)
              {
                  $resolvedCommand = $alias.ResolvedCommandName
                  if ($resolvedCommand -ne $null)
                  {
                      $extent = $token.Extent
                      $length = $extent.EndOffset - $extent.StartOffset
                      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace(
                          $extent.StartOffset + $startAdjustment,
                          $length,
                          $resolvedCommand)
                      # Our copy of the tokens won't have been updated, so we need to
                      # adjust by the difference in length
                      $startAdjustment += ($resolvedCommand.Length - $length)
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  # F1 for help on the command line - naturally
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key F1 `
                           -BriefDescription CommandHelp `
                           -LongDescription "Open the help window for the current command" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $ast = $null
      $tokens = $null
      $errors = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$ast, [ref]$tokens, [ref]$errors, [ref]$cursor)
      $commandAst = $ast.FindAll( {
          $node = $args[0]
          $node -is [CommandAst] -and
              $node.Extent.StartOffset -le $cursor -and
              $node.Extent.EndOffset -ge $cursor
          }, $true) | Select-Object -Last 1
      if ($commandAst -ne $null)
      {
          $commandName = $commandAst.GetCommandName()
          if ($commandName -ne $null)
          {
              $command = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand($commandName, 'All')
              if ($command -is [AliasInfo])
              {
                  $commandName = $command.ResolvedCommandName
              }
              if ($commandName -ne $null)
              {
                  Get-Help $commandName -ShowWindow
              }
          }
      }
  }
  #
  # Ctrl+Shift+j then type a key to mark the current directory.
  # Ctrj+j then the same key will change back to that directory without
  # needing to type cd and won't change the command line.
  #
  $global:PSReadLineMarks = @{}
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+J `
                           -BriefDescription MarkDirectory `
                           -LongDescription "Mark the current directory" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $key = [Console]:ReadKey($true)
      $global:PSReadLineMarks[$key.KeyChar] = $pwd
  }
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Ctrl+j `
                           -BriefDescription JumpDirectory `
                           -LongDescription "Goto the marked directory" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $key = [Console]:ReadKey()
      $dir = $global:PSReadLineMarks[$key.KeyChar]
      if ($dir)
      {
          cd $dir
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:InvokePrompt()
      }
  }
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+j `
                           -BriefDescription ShowDirectoryMarks `
                           -LongDescription "Show the currently marked directories" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $global:PSReadLineMarks.GetEnumerator() | % {
          [PSCustomObject]@{Key = $_.Key; Dir = $_.Value} } |
          Format-Table -AutoSize | Out-Host
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:InvokePrompt()
  }
  # Auto correct 'git cmt' to 'git commit'
  Set-PSReadLineOption -CommandValidationHandler {
      param([CommandAst]$CommandAst)
      switch ($CommandAst.GetCommandName())
      {
          'git' {
              $gitCmd = $CommandAst.CommandElements[1].Extent
              switch ($gitCmd.Text)
              {
                  'cmt' {
                      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Replace(
                          $gitCmd.StartOffset, $gitCmd.EndOffset - $gitCmd.StartOffset, 'commit')
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  # `ForwardChar` accepts the entire suggestion text when the cursor is at the end of the line.
  # This custom binding makes `RightArrow` behave similarly - accepting the next word instead of the entire suggestion text.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key RightArrow `
                           -BriefDescription ForwardCharAndAcceptNextSuggestionWord `
                           -LongDescription "Move cursor one character to the right in the current editing line and accept the next word in suggestion when it's at the end of current editing line" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $line = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$line, [ref]$cursor)
      if ($cursor -lt $line.Length) {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:ForwardChar($key, $arg)
      } else {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:AcceptNextSuggestionWord($key, $arg)
      }
  }
  # Cycle through arguments on current line and select the text. This makes it easier to quickly change the argument if re-running a previously run command from the history
  # or if using a psreadline predictor. You can also use a digit argument to specify which argument you want to select, i.e. Alt+1, Alt+a selects the first argument
  # on the command line.
  Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key Alt+a `
                           -BriefDescription SelectCommandArguments `
                           -LongDescription "Set current selection to next command argument in the command line. Use of digit argument selects argument by position" `
                           -ScriptBlock {
      param($key, $arg)
      $ast = $null
      $cursor = $null
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:GetBufferState([ref]$ast, [ref]$null, [ref]$null, [ref]$cursor)
      $asts = $ast.FindAll( {
          $args[0] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.ExpressionAst] -and
          $args[0].Parent -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.CommandAst] -and
          $args[0].Extent.StartOffset -ne $args[0].Parent.Extent.StartOffset
        }, $true)
      if ($asts.Count -eq 0) {
          [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:Ding()
          return
      }
      $nextAst = $null
      if ($null -ne $arg) {
          $nextAst = $asts[$arg - 1]
      }
      else {
          foreach ($ast in $asts) {
              if ($ast.Extent.StartOffset -ge $cursor) {
                  $nextAst = $ast
                  break
              }
          }
          if ($null -eq $nextAst) {
              $nextAst = $asts[0]
          }
      }
      $startOffsetAdjustment = 0
      $endOffsetAdjustment = 0
      if ($nextAst -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.StringConstantExpressionAst] -and
          $nextAst.StringConstantType -ne [System.Management.Automation.Language.StringConstantType]:BareWord) {
              $startOffsetAdjustment = 1
              $endOffsetAdjustment = 2
      }
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetCursorPosition($nextAst.Extent.StartOffset + $startOffsetAdjustment)
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SetMark($null, $null)
      [Microsoft.PowerShell.PSConsoleReadLine]:SelectForwardChar($null, ($nextAst.Extent.EndOffset - $nextAst.Extent.StartOffset) - $endOffsetAdjustment)
  }

  InvalidOperation: C:\Users\xxx\Documents\PowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1:172:20
  Line |
   172 |      if ($token -is [StringToken] -and $token.Kind -ne [TokenKind]:Ge …
       |                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
       | Unable to find type [StringToken].

References

• powershell、cmd终端修改编码 - xututu6 - 博客园
• Using PowerShell 7 in VS Code | rnelson0 vscode
• Learn X in Y Minutes: Scenic Programming Language Tours